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DIET CONTROL FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS
Andrew Ying-Siu Lee, MD,PhD.
The mainstay diet control for diabetic patients is to maintain normal blood sugar and lipids. Therefore it is important
to restrict calorie, reduce body weight and maintain regular exercise. Diabetic patients should have divided meals with
small quantity, balanced diet, high fiber (which can reduce glycemic index), plain food (avoid sauted, fried food and
spices) and avoid high fat food, pastries and beverages etc.
Diabetic patients should know and use the "glycemic index of food" and "food exchange" tables, as follow:-
(1) GLYCEMIC INDEX OF FOODS:
glycemic index
grains and cereals white bread 100
white rice 83
oat 85
vegetabkes potato 135
yams 74
peas 74
sweet potato 70
fruits raisin 93
banana 79
orange 66
apple 53
pear 47
peach 40
grapefruit 36
daily products ice cream 52
yogurt 52
whole milk 49
skim milk 46
sweeteners maltose 152
glucose 138
honey 126
sucrose 86
fructose 30
(2) FOOD EXCHANGE LISTS :
one serving of cereals = 1/4 bowl of rice
1/2 bowel of congee or noodle, rice noodle
1 pc toast or bread
3 pc biscuit
1/4 bowl of sweet potato or potato, taro, red bean, green bean
one serving of meat = 1 oz meat or fish, chicken, duck, pork, beef, shrimp, crab
1 pc beancurd or 2 pc dried beancurd
1 egg
one serving of vegetable = 1 small disk of vegetable or melon, bean
one serving of fruit = 1 orange or apple, pomegranate, peach, mango
5 pc lichee or 13 pc grape, 6 pc loquat
1 slice watermelon or 1/2 grapefruit
one serving of fat = 1 teaspoon oil or butter
1 pc bacon
5 pc almond or cashew or 10 pc pistachios
one serving of daily product = 236 cc fresh milk or 4 teaspoon whole milk powder
(3) RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS :
child/adolescent adult pregnant
calorie 1800 1800 1800
cereals 10 servings 12 9
meat 7 servings (oz) 6 6
fat 5 servings 6 8
vegetable 3 servings (bowl) 3 3
fruit 2 servings 2 2
daily product 2 servings 1 2
Choose your favorite servings (preferably low glycemic index foods) according to the food exchange lists and
recommended daily allowance.
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