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【Heart Disease and Health】present common and professional knowledge on heart disease and health promotion, suitable for the general public, patients (to understand common knowledge 

  and professional notion) , and health professionals (to learn or review professional knowledge).

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                                            DIET  CONTROL  FOR  OTHER  DISEASES

                                                                           Andrew Ying-Siu Lee, MD,PhD.

(1) Hyperlipidemia:

       Prefer:  lean meat, fish, skim milk and cheese

       Avoid:  fried food, organ meat, egg yolk, shell fish, desserts

(2) Obesity:

        Obesity is due to imbalance between energy intake and expenditure.  Therefore the obese should restrict calorie

and fat (=most calorically dense nutrient.  25-30% of total calories).  Moreover, low protein (10-20% of total calories),

low carbohydrate (55-60% of total calories), high fiber, vegetables and fruits are recommended.  Regular exercise is the

best predictor of substained weight control.

(3)  Senescence:

        Aging is associated with loss of lean body mass and body fat.  Therefore, avoid undernourished and supplement

vitamins/minerals.

(4)  Renal disease:

        Plain diet and avoid spices.  Also reduce protein, salt, water and fat intake.  Supplement vitamins/minerals.

(5)  Gastrointestinal disease:

        High fiber diet and avoid spices, acidic food (eg. citrus, tomato), alcohol and caffeine.

(6)  Liver disease:

        Avoid protein and energy malnutrition.  Salt and water restriction if ascite.  Supplement vitamins and minerals.

(7)  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:

        Diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fish is recommended.   Supplement vitamins and minerals.

(8)  Stroke and peripheral vascular disease:

        same as "diet control for cardiac patients"

(9)  Cancer:

        low fat diet, fruits and vegetables

(10)  Immunnological disease:

        Adequate intake of protein, fruits, vegetables, vitamins and minerals.

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